Turkey travel: A nation in two continents – 7 super helpful points

Turkey is a transcontinental country located in Western Asia and Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Aegean Sea.

Here are some fascinating facts about Turkey:

Geography

• Turkey is the world’s 37th largest country, with a total area of approximately 783,562 km² (302,535 sq mi).
• The country is bordered by 8 countries: Greece, Bulgaria, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Iraq, and Syria.
• Turkey has a diverse geography, with mountains, forests, and coastal plains.

History

• Turkey is home to some of the oldest civilizations in the world, including the Hittites, Lydians, and Ottomans.
• The ancient city of Troy is located in northwestern Turkey and is believed to be the setting of Homer’s epic poem, the Iliad.
• The Ottoman Empire was one of the most powerful empires in history, lasting from the 13th to the 20th century.

Culture

• Turkish culture is a blend of Eastern and Western influences, with a rich tradition of art, architecture, and cuisine.
• Turkish cuisine is famous for its kebabs, baklava, and Turkish delight (lokum).
• The country has a vibrant music scene, with genres like Ottoman classical music, Turkish folk music, and contemporary pop.

Attractions

• Hagia Sophia (Ayasofya) in Istanbul: a former Byzantine church and Ottoman mosque turned museum.
• Topkapi Palace in Istanbul: a former imperial palace of the Ottoman sultans.
• Ephesus: an ancient city near Selçuk in western Turkey, known for its well-preserved ruins.
• Cappadocia: a unique region in central Turkey known for its honeycombed hills and fairy chimneys.

Economy

• Turkey has a rapidly growing economy and is a member of the G20.
• The country is a major player in international trade and has significant trade agreements with countries like the European Union.
• Istanbul is one of the fastest-growing cities in the world and has become a major hub for finance, technology, and entrepreneurship.

Fun Facts

• Turkey is home to over 3 million mosques.
• The country has a rich tradition of whirling dervishes (Sufi dancers) and Mevlevi Order.
• Turkish Airlines is one of the largest airlines in Europe.

Safety

• Turkey is generally considered a safe country to visit, but it’s always important to take normal precautions to ensure your safety.
• Petty crime like pickpocketing can occur in crowded areas like tourist attractions or public transportation.
• Be aware of your surroundings and keep valuables secure.

Language

• Turkish is the official language of Turkey.
• English is widely spoken in tourist areas and among businesspeople.
• Many Turks also speak German and other European languages.

With its rich history, stunning landscapes, vibrant culture, and delicious cuisine, Turkey is a fascinating destination that offers something for everyone. Whether you’re interested in history, architecture, food, or adventure, Turkey is sure to leave you with unforgettable memories!

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a. Offseason

The off-season in Turkey, which typically refers to the periods when there are fewer tourists and lower prices for accommodations and flights. Here’s a breakdown of the off-season in Turkey:

Winter (December to February)

* Pros:
+ Fewer tourists, which means lower prices for accommodations and flights.
+ Skiing and snowboarding opportunities in the mountains.
+ Visit popular museums and historical sites without the crowds.
* Cons:
+ Cold weather, especially in the north and eastern regions.
+ Some tourist attractions might be closed or have limited hours.
+ Limited daylight hours.

Shoulder season (March to May and September to November)

* Pros:
+ Comfortable weather, with mild temperatures and fewer tourists.
+ Prices for accommodations and flights are lower than during peak season.
+ Many festivals and events take place during this time.
* Cons:
+ Some tourist attractions might be closed or under maintenance.
+ Prices for accommodations and flights might be higher than during the winter off-season.

Off-season destinations in Turkey

Some popular destinations in Turkey are less crowded during the off-season, making them great options for those who prefer smaller crowds and lower prices. These include:

1. Ephesus: The ancient city of Ephesus is less crowded during the off-season, allowing for a more peaceful visit.
2. Pamukkale: The hot springs and travertines of Pamukkale are less crowded, making it a great time to visit.
3. Cappadocia: The hot air balloon rides in Cappadocia are still popular during the off-season, but there are fewer tourists overall.
4. Antalya: The beaches and resorts in Antalya are less crowded during the off-season, making it a great time to relax.
5. Istanbul’s museums: Many of Istanbul’s museums, such as the Topkapi Palace and the Hagia Sophia, are less crowded during the off-season.

Tips for visiting Turkey during the off-season

1. Book accommodations in advance: Even if you’re visiting during the off-season, it’s still a good idea to book your accommodations in advance to ensure availability.
2. Pack accordingly: Bring warm clothing for winter visits and light clothing for shoulder season visits.
3. Check attraction hours: Some tourist attractions might have limited hours or be closed due to maintenance or weather conditions.
4. Be prepared for rain: The off-season can be rainy, especially in the winter months.
5. Take advantage of deals: Many tour operators and travel agencies offer discounts or special deals during the off-season.

By visiting Turkey during the off-season, you can enjoy a more relaxed and peaceful trip, with fewer tourists and lower prices.

b. Best season to visit Turkey

Turkey is a year-round destination, but the best season to visit depends on your preferences and the activities you have planned. Here’s a breakdown of the seasons:

Spring (March to May)

* Weather: Mild and pleasant, with temperatures ranging from 10°C to 20°C (50°F to 68°F).
* Pros:
+ Comfortable weather for sightseeing and outdoor activities.
+ Fewer tourists compared to summer months.
+ Beautiful blooming flowers and greenery.
* Cons:
+ Some tourist attractions might be closed or under maintenance.
+ Prices for accommodations and flights might be higher than during the off-season.

Summer (June to August)

* Weather: Hot and dry, with temperatures often reaching 30°C (86°F) or higher.
* Pros:
+ Longer days and more daylight hours for exploring.
+ Many festivals and events take place during this time.
+ Warm weather perfect for beach destinations like Antalya, Izmir, and Çeşme.
* Cons:
+ Peak tourist season means larger crowds and higher prices.
+ Heatwaves can be intense, especially in inland cities.
+ Some tourist attractions might be closed due to heat or maintenance.

Autumn (September to November)

* Weather: Mild and pleasant, with temperatures ranging from 10°C to 20°C (50°F to 68°F).
* Pros:
+ Comfortable weather for sightseeing and outdoor activities.
+ Fewer tourists compared to summer months.
+ Beautiful fall foliage in some regions.
* Cons:
+ Some tourist attractions might be closed or under maintenance.
+ Prices for accommodations and flights might be higher than during the off-season.

Winter (December to February)

* Weather: Cold and wet, with temperatures ranging from 0°C to 10°C (32°F to 50°F).
* Pros:
+ Fewer tourists compared to summer months.
+ Prices for accommodations and flights might be lower.
+ Skiing and snowboarding opportunities in the mountains.
* Cons:
+ Cold weather might not be suitable for outdoor activities.
+ Some tourist attractions might be closed or have limited hours.

Best time to visit Turkey

If you’re looking for a comfortable temperature and fewer tourists, consider visiting Turkey during the spring (March to May) or autumn (September to November). These periods offer mild weather and a more relaxed atmosphere, making it ideal for sightseeing, outdoor activities, and cultural experiences.

If you prefer warmer weather, summer might be a better option, especially if you’re interested in beach destinations. However, be prepared for larger crowds and higher prices.

For those who enjoy winter sports or prefer cooler weather, December to February can be a good time to visit Turkey’s ski resorts. Just be prepared for potential closures or limited hours at some tourist attractions.

c. Accommodation

Turkey offers a wide range of accommodation options to suit various budgets and preferences. Here are some popular types of accommodations in Turkey:

1. Hotels: Turkey has a vast selection of hotels, from budget-friendly options to luxurious resorts. You can find hotels in most cities and towns, ranging from 1-star to 5-star ratings.
2. Hostels: Hostels are a popular choice for budget-conscious travelers, offering dormitory-style rooms and private rooms. Many hostels in Turkey have a social atmosphere, with shared kitchens and lounge areas.
3. Guesthouses: Guesthouses (pansiyons) are family-run establishments that offer a more intimate and personalized experience. They often have a few rooms, and the owners may prepare meals or provide local advice.
4. Apartments: Renting an apartment can be a great option for families or groups of friends. Many apartments in Turkey are self-catering, with kitchen facilities and laundry facilities.

5. B&Bs: Bed and breakfasts (B&Bs) are small, family-run establishments that offer a warm and welcoming atmosphere. They often have a few rooms, and the owners may provide breakfast or other meals.
6. Camping: If you prefer the outdoors, Turkey has many campsites, especially in national parks and along the coast. You can also pitch your own tent or rent a campervan.
7. Villas: Villas are large, luxurious houses that can accommodate families or groups of friends. They often have private pools, gardens, and sea views.

Booking accommodations in Turkey

You can book your accommodations in Turkey through various channels:

1. Online travel agencies: Websites like Booking.com, Expedia, and Hotels.com offer a wide range of accommodations in Turkey.
2. Hotel websites: Many hotels in Turkey have their own websites, where you can book directly.
3. Local tourist information offices: Visit local tourist information offices in the city or town you’re planning to visit, and they can help you find accommodations.
4. Airbnb: Airbnb is a popular platform for booking apartments, houses, and villas in Turkey.
5. Local real estate agents: Local real estate agents can help you find apartments or villas to rent.

Tips for booking accommodations in Turkey

1. Book in advance: Especially during peak season (June to September), it’s recommended to book your accommodations well in advance to ensure availability.
2. Check the location: Make sure the accommodation is located in a safe and convenient area, close to public transportation and local attractions.
3. Read reviews: Check online reviews from previous guests to get an idea of the accommodation’s quality and services.
4. Ask about amenities: Clarify what amenities are included, such as Wi-Fi, air conditioning, or breakfast.
5. Check the cancellation policy: Understand the cancellation policy before booking your accommodation.

By choosing the right accommodation for your needs and budget, you can have a comfortable and enjoyable stay in Turkey.

d. How to get to Turkey

Turkey is a popular tourist destination, and there are several ways to get to Turkey depending on your starting location and preferences. Here are some common ways to get to Turkey:

By Air

1. Direct flights: Many airlines offer direct flights from major cities around the world to Istanbul’s Atatürk Airport (IST) or Sabiha Gökçen Airport (SAW).
2. Connecting flights: If you can’t find a direct flight, you can fly to Istanbul with a connecting flight from a major hub like London, Paris, or Amsterdam.
3. Budget airlines: Low-cost carriers like Pegasus, Turkish Airlines, and SunExpress operate flights from various European cities to Turkey.

By Sea

1. Ferries: Ferries connect Turkey’s eastern coast with Greece, Bulgaria, and Georgia.
2. Cruise ships: Many cruise lines offer itineraries that include Turkey’s ports, such as Istanbul, Izmir, and Antalya.

By Land

1. Border crossings: Turkey shares borders with Greece, Bulgaria, Georgia, Armenia, and Iran. You can cross the border by car, bus, or on foot.
2. Trains: The Turkish State Railways (TCDD) operates trains from Bulgaria, Greece, and Iran to Turkey.
3. Buses: Many bus companies offer services from neighboring countries to Turkey.

By Car

1. Driving from Europe: You can drive from Europe to Turkey via the Balkan Peninsula or through the Turkish-Greek border.
2. Driving from Asia: You can drive from Asia Minor countries like Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia to Turkey.

Travel Documents

1. Passport: A valid passport is required for all international travelers.
2. Visa: Citizens of many countries need a visa to enter Turkey. Check the Turkish Government’s website for visa requirements.
3. Travel insurance: Consider purchasing travel insurance that covers medical emergencies, trip cancellations, and other unforeseen events.

Getting Around Turkey

Once you arrive in Turkey, you can get around using:

1. Public transportation: Buses, trams, and metro lines connect major cities and towns.
2. Taxis: Taxis are widely available, but be sure to agree on the fare before you start your journey.
3. Rental cars: Renting a car is a convenient way to explore Turkey’s countryside and coastal regions.
4. Flights: Domestic flights connect major cities in Turkey.

Remember to plan your trip carefully, book your accommodations and transportation in advance, and stay informed about local conditions and any travel restrictions before your trip to Turkey.

e. Festivals

Turkey is a vibrant country with a rich cultural heritage, and it’s home to numerous festivals and celebrations throughout the year. Here are some of the most popular festivals in Turkey:

1. Istanbul Music Festival: Held in June, this festival features classical music performances by local and international musicians.
2. Istanbul Jazz Festival: This festival takes place in July and showcases jazz performances by renowned musicians from around the world.
3. Antalya Golden Orange Film Festival: This festival, held in October, celebrates Turkish cinema and features film screenings, workshops, and awards.
4. Izmir International Fair: This annual fair, held in September, is one of the largest and most popular in Turkey, featuring exhibitions, concerts, and cultural performances.
5. Whirling Dervishes Festival: This festival, held in various locations throughout the year, celebrates the traditional Sufi whirling dervishes and their mesmerizing dance performances.

6. Cappadocia Hot Air Balloon Festival: This unique festival, held in June and September, features hot air balloon rides over the breathtaking landscapes of Cappadocia.
7. Ephesus Festival: Held in August, this festival celebrates the ancient city of Ephesus and features cultural performances, food stalls, and historical reenactments.
8. Bodrum International Music Festival: This festival, held in August and September, features classical music performances by international musicians.

9. Konya Mevlana Festival: This festival, held in December, celebrates the life and legacy of Rumi and features whirling dervishes performances, traditional music, and food stalls.
10. Turkish Airlines Istanbul Marathon: This annual marathon, held in November, attracts thousands of runners from around the world and offers a unique running experience through the city’s historic streets.

Festivals by Region

1. Aegean Region: The Izmir International Fair, Ephesus Festival, and Bodrum International Music Festival are some of the popular festivals in this region.
2. Marmara Region: The Istanbul Music Festival and Istanbul Jazz Festival are some of the notable festivals in this region.
3. Eastern Anatolia Region: The Kars Winter Festival and Erzurum Winter Festival are popular winter festivals in this region.
4. Southeastern Anatolia Region: The Gaziantep International Festival and Urfa Jazz Festival are some of the notable festivals in this region.

These festivals offer a unique glimpse into Turkey’s rich cultural heritage and are an excellent way to experience the country’s vibrant atmosphere.

f. Travel to Turkey

Planning a trip to Turkey! Here’s a comprehensive guide to help you prepare for your journey:

When to Go:

* Spring (April-May) and autumn (September-October) are the best seasons to visit Turkey, with mild weather and fewer tourists.
* Summer (June-August) can be hot and crowded, while winter (December-February) can be cold and snowy.

Getting There:

* Istanbul’s Atatürk Airport (IST) is the largest airport in Turkey and a major hub for international flights.
* Other major airports include Ankara’s Esenboğa Airport (ESB), Izmir’s Adnan Menderes Airport (ADB), and Antalya’s Gazipaşa Airport (GZP).
* You can also enter Turkey by land from neighboring countries, such as Greece, Bulgaria, and Georgia.

Visa Requirements:

* Citizens of the European Union, the United States, Canada, and many other countries can enter Turkey without a visa for up to 90 days.
* Check with the Turkish Embassy or Consulate in your home country to see if you need a visa.

Travel Documents:

* Make sure your passport is valid for at least six months beyond your planned departure date from Turkey.
* Bring photocopies of your passport, travel insurance, and any other important documents.

Health and Safety:

* Turkey is generally a safe country to visit, but take normal precautions to protect yourself and your belongings.
* Vaccinations are not typically required for Turkey, but consult your doctor or a travel clinic for advice.
* Be aware of pickpocketing and petty theft in crowded areas and tourist hotspots.

Language:

* Turkish is the official language, but many Turks speak English, especially in tourist areas.
* Learn basic Turkish phrases like “hello” (merhaba), “thank you” (teşekkür), and “goodbye” (güle güle).

Money:

* The Turkish lira (TRY) is the local currency.
* You can exchange currency at airports, banks, or currency exchange offices.
* Credit cards are widely accepted in major cities and tourist areas.

Cultural Tips:

* Respect local customs and traditions, especially when visiting mosques or other religious sites.
* Dress modestly when visiting mosques or rural areas.
* Don’t tip excessively – 5-10% is sufficient in most cases.

Transportation:

* Istanbul has a comprehensive public transportation system, including buses, trams, and metro lines.
* Inter-city buses and trains are also available, but domestic flights may be more convenient for longer distances.
* Taxis are widely available, but agree on the fare before you start your journey.

Accommodation:

* Istanbul has a wide range of accommodations, from budget-friendly hostels to luxury hotels.
* Book in advance to ensure availability, especially during peak travel seasons.
* Consider staying in nearby neighborhoods like Sultanahmet or Beyoğlu for easy access to popular attractions.

Food and Drink:

* Try traditional Turkish cuisine like kebabs, baklava, and Turkish delight.
* Don’t forget to try some delicious tea or coffee at a local café!
* Be mindful of food safety and hygiene standards, especially when eating street food or at markets.

Things to Do:

* Explore the historic city of Istanbul, including the Hagia Sophia, Topkapi Palace, and the Blue Mosque.
* Visit the ancient city of Ephesus and explore the scenic coastal towns of Antalya and Bodrum.
* Take a hot air balloon ride over the breathtaking landscapes of Cappadocia.
* Enjoy the vibrant nightlife of Istanbul’s bars and clubs!

Responsible Travel:

* Respect local customs and traditions.
* Avoid littering and try to minimize your impact on the environment.
* Support local businesses and communities by choosing authentic experiences.

With these tips, you’re ready to embark on an unforgettable journey to Turkey!

h. Number of days

The ideal number of days for Turkey depends on several factors, including your travel style, interests, and the time of year you plan to visit. However, here’s a general guideline to help you plan your trip:

**7-10 days: This is a good amount of time to explore the main cities in Turkey, including Istanbul, Ankara, and Izmir. You can visit the iconic landmarks like Hagia Sophia, Topkapi Palace, and the Blue Mosque in Istanbul, and explore the ancient city of Ephesus.

**10-14 days: With this amount of time, you can explore more of Turkey’s cultural and historical heritage. You can visit the ancient cities of Pamukkale, Hierapolis, and Aphrodisias, and explore the scenic coastal towns of Antalya and Bodrum.

**14-21 days: This is a great amount of time to explore Turkey’s diverse landscapes and cultures. You can visit the mountains of Cappadocia, the valleys of the Lycian Way, and the beautiful beaches of the Aegean Coast. You can also visit the southeastern cities of Gaziantep and Urfa, which are known for their rich history and cultural heritage.

**21+ days: With this amount of time, you can really immerse yourself in Turkish culture and explore the country’s many hidden gems. You can visit the remote towns of Eastern Anatolia, explore the ancient cities of Pergamon and Ephesus, and enjoy the scenic coastal routes of the Mediterranean.

Tips:

* Consider visiting Turkey during the spring (April-May) or autumn (September-October) when the weather is mild and pleasant.
* Plan your trip around major festivals and events, such as the Istanbul Music Festival or the Whirling Dervishes Festival.
* Make sure to leave some time for relaxation and self-reflection – Turkey is a country that can be overwhelming at times!
* Consider hiring a private guide or joining a tour group to help you navigate the country’s complex history and culture.

Remember, Turkey is a vast and diverse country, and there’s always something new to discover. With a little planning, you can create an unforgettable trip to this amazing country!