The Enigmatic 108 Shiv Temple of Kalna: A Spiritual Gem of Bengal
Tucked away in the historic town of Ambika Kalna in West Bengal’s Purba Bardhaman district lies an architectural marvel that remains one of the finest testaments to Bengal’s temple-building heritage — the 108 Shiv Temple complex, also known as the Nava Kailash Temple. This unique cluster of temples is not just a pilgrimage site for devotees of Lord Shiva but also a treasure trove for lovers of history, architecture, and culture.
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A Glimpse into Kalna’s Glorious Past
Kalna, often referred to as Ambika Kalna, was once a significant administrative and religious hub under the patronage of the Bardhaman Raj family during the 18th century. Its strategic position on the banks of the Hooghly River made it a prosperous town that attracted artisans, scholars, and saints. It is in this cultural crucible that the 108 Shiv Temples came into being.
The Birth of the 108 Shiv Temples
Constructed in 1809 by Maharaja Teja Chandra Bahadur, the then ruler of the Bardhaman Raj, the 108 temples were built as a symbol of devotion to Lord Shiva, one of the principal deities of Hinduism. The number 108 holds immense spiritual significance in Hindu philosophy — it is considered a sacred number representing the cosmos, and is often associated with mantras and meditative practices.
Architectural Brilliance
The 108 Shiv Temple complex is a mesmerizing sight — a symmetrical circle of 108 small temples arranged in two concentric circles (a larger outer circle and a smaller inner circle), forming a mandala-like pattern. The outer ring houses 74 temples, while the inner ring contains 34 temples. Each temple is modest in size but intricately designed in traditional Bengali ‘Aat-Chala’ and Pancha-Ratna styles.
The shrines are built with white marble and black basalt stone, creating a stark contrast that enhances the aesthetic appeal. Each temple houses a Shiva Linga, and the visual spectacle of 108 Lingas lined up in perfect harmony is nothing short of breathtaking.
Symbolism of the 108
In Hinduism, the number 108 is considered the number of wholeness. It reflects the universe’s inner structure — with 12 zodiac signs and 9 planets (12×9 = 108), 108 energy lines converging to form the heart chakra, and 108 Upanishads. Chanting mantras 108 times is said to spiritually align one with cosmic energy. Thus, the choice of 108 temples wasn’t just symbolic, it was deeply philosophical.
The Rajbari Complex: A Heritage Site
The 108 Shiva Temples are part of the Rajbari Temple Complex, which also includes several other notable structures:
- Krishna Chandra Mandir (1751): A stunning example of the rekha-deul style architecture, adorned with detailed terracotta work.
- Rasmancha: Used during the Ras festival, a platform to display idols and conduct rituals.
- Gopalbari Mandir, Lalji Mandir, and more — each with distinct architectural styles and vibrant terracotta panels depicting scenes from Hindu epics.
This concentration of temples within one complex makes Kalna a rare and highly significant religious and architectural site.
Spiritual Experience
Walking through the circular paths of the 108 temples is not only visually captivating but spiritually elevating. Many pilgrims come here to perform circumambulation (Parikrama) of the temples while chanting Shiva mantras. The tranquility of the place, coupled with the rhythmic resonance of bells and the whispering winds off the Hooghly, create a meditative atmosphere.
Best Time to Visit
- Maha Shivaratri is the most auspicious and vibrant time to visit the temple when thousands of devotees gather to offer prayers.
- Winters (October to February) are ideal for a comfortable visit.
How to Reach Kalna
- By Train: Kalna is well-connected by train from Kolkata (Sealdah station to Ambika Kalna station).
- By Road: It’s around 80-90 km from Kolkata and can be easily reached via NH2 or SH6.
- Local transport like rickshaws or auto-rickshaws are available from the railway station.
Final Thoughts
The 108 Shiv Temples of Kalna are more than just places of worship — they are a celebration of Bengal’s spiritual depth, architectural prowess, and cultural richness. Whether you are a devotee, a photographer, or a history buff, a visit to this sacred complex offers a journey into a lesser-known, yet immensely profound, part of India’s heritage.
