
Alexandria in Egypt: Largest city on the pretty Mediterranean coast
Alexandria in Egypt is a city with a rich history, situated on the Mediterranean coast of the nation. Founded in 331 BCE by Alexander the Great, it has been a major center of culture, learning, and trade for centuries. Here’s an overview of Alexandria, covering its history, attractions, and significance:
Table of Contents
History of Alexandria in Egypt
- Founding by Alexander the Great: Alexandria was founded by Alexander in 331 BCE, during his conquest of Egypt. It was intended to be a major city, surpassing others in wealth and power.
- Hellenistic Period: After Alexander’s death, Alexandria became the capital of the Ptolemaic Kingdom, ruled by one of Alexander’s generals, Ptolemy I Soter. It flourished as a center of Greek culture and learning.
- Roman and Byzantine Rule: Alexandria was conquered by the Romans in 30 BCE and remained under Roman rule until the 4th century CE. It then became part of the Byzantine Empire.
- Islamic Conquest: In 641 CE, Alexandria was conquered by the Arabs, marking the beginning of Islamic rule in Egypt. The city’s importance began to decline as Cairo rose to prominence.
- Modern Era: In the 19th century, Alexandria experienced a resurgence, becoming a major urban center again. Today, it is Egypt’s second-largest city and a significant economic and cultural hub.

Attractions in Alexandria in Egypt
- Bibliotheca Alexandrina: A modern library and cultural center, built to commemorate the ancient Library of Alexandria, one of the largest and most significant libraries of the ancient world.
- Citadel of Qaitbay: A 15th-century fortress located on the Mediterranean coast, built on the site of the ancient Alexandria Lighthouse, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.
- Pompey’s Pillar: A Roman column erected in honor of Emperor Diocletian, mistakenly attributed to Pompey.
- Catacombs of Kom el Shoqafa: An extensive underground burial site dating back to the 2nd century CE, showcasing a blend of Egyptian, Greek, and Roman architectural styles.
- Alexandria National Museum: Exhibits a wide range of artifacts that tell the story of Alexandria from ancient times to the modern era.

Cultural Significance
- Center of Learning: Alexandria in Egypt was renowned for its library and as a center of scholarship and learning in the ancient world. Scholars from all over the Mediterranean came to study and translate works.
- Cultural Melting Pot: Throughout its history, Alexandria has been a melting pot of cultures, including Greek, Roman, Egyptian, and Islamic influences, which is reflected in its architecture, art, and traditions.
- Economic Importance: Alexandria has historically been a significant port city, facilitating trade between Europe, Africa, and Asia. It remains an important economic center in Egypt.
- Literary and Philosophical Contributions: Alexandria was the home of many notable scholars, scientists, and philosophers, including Archimedes, Euclid, and Hypatia of Alexandria, contributing significantly to mathematics, astronomy, and philosophy.

Alexandria’s rich history, cultural significance, and architectural wonders make it a fascinating destination for historians, archaeologists, and travelers alike. Despite the loss of many of its ancient structures, the city continues to inspire and educate, serving as a bridge between ancient civilization and modern society.
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Alexandria in Egypt, is a vibrant city that offers a unique blend of history, culture, and beautiful Mediterranean coastline, making it a popular destination for tourists. Here are some essential tips and highlights for tourists visiting Alexandria:
Top Attractions
- Montazah Palace and Gardens:
- Located in the Montazah district, this beautiful palace surrounded by lush gardens offers a peaceful escape. The gardens are open to the public and offer stunning views of the Mediterranean.
2. Stanley Bridge:
- An iconic landmark, this beautiful bridge offers a picturesque spot for photography and a nice promenade along the waterfront.
3. Alexandria Aquarium:
- A small but interesting place to visit, showcasing the marine life of the Mediterranean Sea. Great for families with children.

Beaches and Waterfront
- Montazah Beach:
- Located near Montazah Palace, this beach is popular with both locals and tourists. It has clean waters and comfortable facilities for a relaxing day by the sea.
- Maamoura Beach:
- Another popular spot, known for its sandy shores and various beach activities. It’s an ideal place for swimming and sunbathing.
Dining and Nightlife
- Seafood Restaurants:
- Alexandria in Egypt is famous for its fresh seafood. Consider dining at local restaurants like “Samakmak” or “Fish Market” to enjoy the catch of the day.
- Cafés and Street Food:
- Don’t miss trying local Egyptian dishes, such as koshari (a lentil and rice dish), shawarma, or fuul (fava bean dish) at street stalls or casual eateries.
Tips for Tourists
- Cultural Etiquette:
- Dress modestly, especially when visiting religious sites. It’s advisable to cover shoulders and knees.
2. Local Transport:
- Taxis and ride-sharing apps like Uber are widely used. Local buses and tram services are available but may not be as tourist-friendly.

3. Best Time to Visit:
- The best months to visit are from October to April when the weather is cooler and more pleasant for outdoor activities.
4. Language:
- While Arabic is the official language, many people in the tourism sector speak English, especially in hotels and major attractions.
5. Currency:
- The local currency is the Egyptian pound (EGP). ATMs are widely available, but it’s good to carry some cash for small purchases.
6. Safety:
- Alexandria in Egypt is generally safe for tourists, but it’s wise to stay aware of your surroundings, avoid isolated areas at night, and follow local advice.
Alexandria is a city steeped in history and culture, offering visitors a variety of experiences, from ancient landmarks to beautiful beaches. Whether you’re interested in exploring historical sites, enjoying the Mediterranean flavors, or experiencing local life, Alexandria in Egypt has something for every traveler.